Operasi Ezra dan Nehemia

Eksodus Yahudi dari
negara-negara
Arab dan Muslim
Komunitas
  • Mizrahi (Persia, Baghdad)
  • Sefardim
  • Yaman
Latar belakang
Peristiwa utama
  • Permadani Terbang (Yaman)
  • Ezra dan Nehemia (Irak)
  • Eksodus Lebanon
  • Eksodus Mesir
  • Eksodus Maroko
    • Operasi Yachin
  • Pied-Noir (Aljazair)
  • Hari Pembalasan (Libya)
  • Eksodus Yahudi Iran
Pemukiman ulang
  • Pola acu
  • HIAS • Mossad LeAliyah Bet • JDC
    • Yahudi Mizrahi di Israel
  • Iran • Irak • Kurdi • Maroko
  • Suriah • Turki • Yaman
  • Yahudi Afrika Utara di Prancis
Advokasi
Topik terkait
  • l
  • b
  • s

Dari 1951 sampai 1952, Operasi Ezra dan Nehemia menerbangkan antara 120.000 dan 130.000 Yahudi Irak ke Israel[1][2] melewati Iran dan Siprus. Imigrasi masif Yahudi Irak adalah peristiwa paling klimatik dari eksodus Yahudi dari negara-negara Arab dan Muslim.

Operasi tersebut diambil dari nama Ezra dan Nehemia, yang memimpin bangsa Yahudi dari pengasingan di Babilonia untuk kembali ke Israel pada abad ke-5 SM, seperti yang tercatat dalam kitab-kitab Alkitab Ibrani yang menyebut nama-nama mereka.

Referensi

  1. ^ Pasachoff & Littman 2005, hlm. 301
  2. ^ "Operations Ezra & Nechemia: The Aliyah of Iraqi Jews". Jewish Virtual Library. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. Diakses tanggal June 27, 2008. 

Sumber

  • Bashkin, Orit (2012). New Babylonians: A History of Jews in Modern Iraq. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-8201-2. 
  • Ben-Porat, Mordechai (1998). To Baghdad and Back: The Miraculous 2,000 Year Homecoming of the Iraqi Jews. Gefen Publishing House. ISBN 9789652291950. 
  • Black, Ian (1991). Israel's Secret Wars: A History of Israel's Intelligence Services. Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-3286-4. 
  • Eriş, Mahir Ünsal; Yahudileri, Kürt (2006). Din, Dil, Tarih, (Kurdish Jews) (dalam bahasa Turkish). Ankara, TR: Kalan Publishing. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
  • Gat, Moshe (2013). The Jewish exodus from Iraq : 1948-1951. London: Frank Cass. ISBN 9780714642239. OCLC 833072860. 
  • Hakohen, Devorah (2003). Immigrants in Turmoil: Mass Immigration to Israel and Its Repercussions in the 1950s and After. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0-8156-2990-0. 
  • Hillel, Shlomo (1987). Operation Babylon : The Story of the Rescue of the Jews of Iran. Diterjemahkan oleh Friedman, Ina. Doubleday. ISBN 9780385235976. OCLC 966124447. 
  • Hirst, David (2003). The gun and the olive branch: the roots of violence in the Middle East. Nation Books. ISBN 1-56025-483-1. Diakses tanggal 2010-04-05. 
  • Kirkbride, Alec (1976). From the Wings: Amman Memoirs, 1947-1951. Psychology Press. ISBN 9780714630618. 
  • Marqusee, Mike (2010). If I am not for myself : journey of an anti-Zionist Jew (edisi ke-2nd). Verso Books. ISBN 9781844674350. OCLC 467772291. 
  • Meir-Glitzenstein, Esther (2004). Zionism in an Arab Country: Jews in Iraq in the 1940s. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-76862-1. 
  • Pasachoff, Naomi E.; Littman, Robert J. (2005). ""Operation Magic Carpet" and "Operation Ezra and Nehemiah"". A Concise History of the Jewish People. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9780742543669. Diakses tanggal June 28, 2008. 
  • Rogan, Eugene L.; Shlaim, Avi (2001). The War for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79476-3. 
  • Shenhav, Yehouda (1999). "The Jews of Iraq, Zionist Ideology, and the Property of the Palestinian Refugees of 1948: An Anomaly of National Accounting". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 31 (4): 605–630. doi:10.1017/s0020743800057111. ISSN 1471-6380. 
  • Shiblak, Abbas (1986). The lure of Zion : the case of the Iraqi Jews. Al Saqi Books. ISBN 9780863560330. OCLC 16711193. 
  • Shiblak, Abbas (2005). Iraqi Jews: A history. Saqi Books. ISBN 978-0-86356-504-5. 
  • Simon, Reeva; Laskier, Michael; Reguer, Sara (2003). The Jews of the Middle East and North Africa in Modern Times (dalam bahasa Inggris). Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231507592. OCLC 614998544. 
  • Somekh, Sasson (2007). Baghdad, yesterday: The making of an Arab Jew. Ibis Editions. ISBN 9789659012589. OCLC 891546268. 
  • Szulc, Tad (1991). The Secret Alliance: The Extraordinary Story of the Rescue of the Jews Since World War II. Farrar, Straus & Giroux. ISBN 978-0-374-24946-5. 
  • Tovy, Jacob (2014). Israel and the Palestinian Refugee Issue: The Formulation of a Policy, 1948–1956. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-81077-3. 
  • Tripp, Charles (2002). A History of Iraq (dalam bahasa Inggris) (edisi ke-Revised). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521529006. 

Pranala luar

  • To Baghdad and Back – Book review from Babylonian Jewry Heritage Center web site
  • Iraqi Jews who left Baghdad in the 1960's and 1970's – Jews who chose to stay in Iraq during Operation Ezrah and Nehamiah
  • [1][pranala nonaktif permanen] The Jews of Iraq By Naeim Giladi.
  • The Forgotten Refugees: the causes of the post-1948 Jewish Exodus from Arab Countries (focuses on Iraq)