VN1R1

Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

VN1R1

Identifiers

Aliases

VN1R1, V1RL1, VNR19I1, ZVNH1, ZVNR1, vomeronasal 1 receptor 1

External IDs

OMIM: 605234; HomoloGene: 110801; GeneCards: VN1R1; OMA:VN1R1 - orthologs

Gene location (Human)

Chr.	Chromosome 19 (human)^[1]

Band	19q13.43	Start	57,454,790 bp^[1]
Band	19q13.43	End	57,457,140 bp^[1]

RNA expression pattern

Bgee

Human

Mouse (ortholog)

Top expressed in

gonad

cerebellar cortex

cerebellar hemisphere

right hemisphere of cerebellum

primary visual cortex

skeletal muscle tissue

superior frontal gyrus

gastrocnemius muscle

ganglionic eminence

pituitary gland

n/a

More reference expression data

BioGPS


More reference expression data

Gene ontology
Molecular function	G protein-coupled receptor activity pheromone receptor activity signal transducer activity pheromone binding
Cellular component	integral component of membrane plasma membrane membrane
Biological process	G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway response to pheromone signal transduction sensory perception of chemical stimulus biological process
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

Entrez


57191


n/a

Ensembl


ENSG00000178201


n/a

UniProt


Q9GZP7


n/a

RefSeq (mRNA)


NM_020633


n/a

RefSeq (protein)


NP_065684


n/a

Location (UCSC)

Chr 19: 57.45 – 57.46 Mb

n/a

PubMed search

^[2]

n/a

Wikidata

View/Edit Human

Vomeronasal type-1 receptor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VN1R1 gene.^[3]^[4]

Function

Pheromones are chemical signals that elicit specific behavioral responses and physiologic alterations in recipients of the same species. The protein encoded by this gene is similar to pheromone receptors and is primarily localized to the olfactory mucosa. An alternate splice variant of this gene is thought to exist, but its full length nature has not been determined.^[4]

Ligands

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000178201 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Rodriguez I, Greer CA, Mok MY, Mombaerts P (September 2000). "A putative pheromone receptor gene expressed in human olfactory mucosa". Nature Genetics. 26 (1): 18–9. doi:10.1038/79124. PMID 10973240. S2CID 21063460.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: VN1R1 vomeronasal 1 receptor 1".
^ Shirokova E, Raguse JD, Meyerhof W, Krautwurst D. The human vomeronasal type-1 receptor family--detection of volatiles and cAMP signaling in HeLa/Olf cells. FASEB J. 2008 May;22(5):1416-25. doi:10.1096/fj.07-9233com PMID 18096815
^ Wallrabenstein I, Gerber J, Rasche S, Croy I, Kurtenbach S, Hummel T, Hatt H (June 2015). "The smelling of Hedione results in sex-differentiated human brain activity". NeuroImage. 113: 365–73. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.03.029. PMID 25797832. S2CID 6526522.
^ Ouyang J, Bae H, Jordi S, Dao QM, Dossenbach S, Dehn S, Lingnau JB, Kanta De C, Kraft P, List B (Feb 2021). "The Smelling Principle of Vetiver Oil, Unveiled by Chemical Synthesis". Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 60 (11): 5666–5672. doi:10.1002/anie.202014609. PMC 7986879. PMID 33315304. (reference 30)

Giorgi D, Friedman C, Trask BJ, Rouquier S (December 2000). "Characterization of nonfunctional V1R-like pheromone receptor sequences in human". Genome Research. 10 (12): 1979–85. doi:10.1101/gr.10.12.1979. PMC 313059. PMID 11116092.
Pantages E, Dulac C (December 2000). "A novel family of candidate pheromone receptors in mammals". Neuron. 28 (3): 835–45. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)00157-4. PMID 11163270. S2CID 15023062.
Takeda S, Kadowaki S, Haga T, Takaesu H, Mitaku S (June 2002). "Identification of G protein-coupled receptor genes from the human genome sequence". FEBS Letters. 520 (1–3): 97–101. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(02)02775-8. PMID 12044878. S2CID 7116392.
Zhang J, Webb DM (July 2003). "Evolutionary deterioration of the vomeronasal pheromone transduction pathway in catarrhine primates". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 100 (14): 8337–41. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.8337Z. doi:10.1073/pnas.1331721100. PMC 166230. PMID 12826614.
Mitropoulos C, Papachatzopoulou A, Menounos PG, Kolonelou C, Pappa M, Bertolis G, Gerou S, Patrinos GP (2007). "Association study of human VN1R1 pheromone receptor gene alleles and gender". Genetic Testing. 11 (2): 128–32. doi:10.1089/gte.2006.0516. PMID 17627382.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

Cell surface receptor: G protein-coupled receptors

Class A: Rhodopsin-like

Neurotransmitter

Adrenergic	α1 (A B D) α2 (A B C) β1 β2 β3
Purinergic	Adenosine (A1 A2A A2B A3) P2Y (1 2 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14)
Serotonin	(all but 5-HT3) 5-HT1 (A B D E F) 5-HT2 (A B C) 5-HT (4 5A 6 7)
Other	Acetylcholine (M1 M2 M3 M4 M5) Dopamine D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 GHB receptor Histamine H1 H2 H3 H4 Melatonin (1A 1B 1C) TAAR (1 2 5 6 8 9)

Metabolites and
signaling molecules

Eicosanoid	CysLT (1 2) LTB4 1 2 FPRL1 OXE Prostaglandin DP (1 2), EP (1 2 3 4), FP Prostacyclin Thromboxane
Other	Bile acid Cannabinoid (CB1 CB2, GPR (18 55 119)) EBI2 Estrogen Free fatty acid (1 2 3 4) Hydroxycarboxylic acids 1 2 3 Lysophosphatidic acid (1 2 3 4 5 6) Lysophospholipid (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8) Oxoglutarate PAF Sphingosine-1-phosphate (1 2 3 4 5) Succinate

Peptide

Neuropeptide

B/W (1
2)
FF (1
2)
S
Y (1
2
4
5)
Neuromedin (B
U (1
2))
Neurotensin (1
2)

Other

Anaphylatoxin (C3a
C5a (1
2))
Angiotensin (1
2)
Apelin
Bombesin
- BRS3
- GRPR
- NMBR)
- Bradykinin (B1
- B2)
Chemokine
Cholecystokinin (A
B)
Endothelin
- A
- B
Formyl peptide (1
2
3)
FSH
Galanin (1
2
3)
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1
2)
Ghrelin
Kisspeptin
Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin
MAS (1
1L
D
E
F
G
X1
X2
X3
X4)
Melanocortin (1
2
3
4
5)
MCHR (1
2)
Motilin
Opioid (Delta
Kappa
Mu
Nociceptin & Zeta, but not Sigma)
Orexin (1
2)
Oxytocin
Prokineticin (1
2)
Prolactin-releasing peptide
Relaxin (1
2
3
4)
Somatostatin (1
2
3
4
5)
Tachykinin (1
2
3)
Thyrotropin
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Urotensin-II
Vasopressin (1A
1B
2)

Miscellaneous

Taste, bitter	TAS2R 1 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 13 14 16 19 20 30 31 38 39 40 41 42 43 45 46 50 60 Vomeronasal receptor type 1
Orphan	GPR (1 3 4 6 12 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 27 31 32 33 34 35 37 39 42 44 45 50 52 55 61 62 63 65 68 75 78 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 92 101 103 109A 109B 119 120 132 135 137B 139 141 142 146 148 149 150 151 152 153 160 161 162 171 173 174 176 177 182 183)
Other	Adrenomedullin Olfactory Opsin (3 4 5 1LW 1MW 1SW RGR RRH) Protease-activated (1 2 3 4) SREB (1 2 3)

Class B: Secretin-like

Adhesion	ADGRB Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 2 3 ADGRC Cadherin 1 2 3 ADGRE EMR 1 2 3 CD97 ADGRG 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ADGRL Latrophilin 1 2 3 ELTD1
Orphan	GPR (56 64 97 98 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 123 124 125 126 128 133 143 144 155 157)
Other	Calcitonin CALCRL Corticotropin-releasing hormone (1 2) Glucagon (GR GIPR GLP1R GLP2R) Growth-hormone-releasing hormone PACAPR1 GPR Methuselah-like proteins Parathyroid hormone (1 2) Secretin Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1 2)

Class C: Metabotropic glutamate / pheromone

Taste, sweet	TAS1R 1 2 3 Vomeronasal receptor, type 2
Other	Calcium-sensing receptor GABA_B (1 2) Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8)) GPRC6A GPR (156 158 179) RAIG (1 2 3 4)